RECOMMENDED APPROACHES TO DEVELOP THE DIRECT UTILIZATION OF THE GEOTHERMAL ENERGY (HOT WATER)
IN JORDAN


Bassam Sunna’; Private Consultant 
Jordan Aqua Conservation Association (JACA)


Abstract
It is highly beneficial to the people of Jordan to develop an indigenous source of natural resource. Geothermal energy is one of the alternative sources of energy, which could be utilized for different purposes. 

Jordan is blessed with this energy source in certain parts of the country but the current level of use is limited to Therapeutic applications in comparison to its potential being an enormous, underused heat and power resource that is clean, reliable and homegrown (making us less dependent on oil). 

A systematic program to explore the geothermal energy started in 1975 by Natural Resources Authority (NRA). The work done so far included geological, volcanological, geochemical, geophysical hydrological studies and pre-feasibility studies. Shallow and deep drilling program were also implemented in the Zarqa Main and Zara areas. The paper gave a summary of the various activities of Jordan in the field of geothermal energy and the results of these activities. In addition a description of the thermal springs and anomalously hot wells drilled for groundwater, gas and oil. The paper also propose an approach for the optimum direct uses utilization of the geothermal energy distributed in various places in Jordan, and to drew the attention of both the private and public sectors of the importance of this valuable resource.

Thermal springs form the main surface manifestation of geothermal energy in Jordan with temperature ranges between 20 and 62. These springs are distributed along the eastern escarpment of the Jordan and Dead Sea graben (200 km). Known manifestation occur from the Yarmouk River in the north to Wadi Hasa in the south. More than 100 thermal wells drilled for water in Dead Sea –Rift Valley, Area of Azraq Basin and Risha (Northeast Jordan), the area south of Queen Alia Air port have low– to intermediate–temperature water, which can be considered as an excellent potential for direct use. In Jordan and according to the thermal water properties, several economic projects could be developed using the thermal energy of the springs and the wells. Heating greenhouses, Hatching of fish, fish farming, animal husbandry, space heating and agricultural applications, some industrial processing, de-icing and therapeutic spa are the most ideal projects, which might be established within the areas of the geothermal energy in Jordan.

 
International Water Demand Management Conference 2004 Updates